CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) is a fundamental component of web development, primarily responsible for styling and formatting the visual presentation of web pages written in HTML (Hypertext Markup Language). It allows web developers to define the layout, colors, fonts, spacing, and other stylistic aspects of a web page, ensuring a consistent and visually appealing user experience across different devices and browsers.

CSS operates by targeting specific HTML elements or groups of elements and applying styling rules to them. These rules consist of properties and values that dictate various visual characteristics, such as width, height, color, font size, margin, padding, and more. CSS rules can be defined inline within HTML elements, embedded within HTML documents using <style> tags, or linked externally through separate CSS files.

JavaScript, on the other hand, is a powerful scripting language commonly used for adding interactivity, dynamic behavior, and functionality to web pages. It enables developers to manipulate HTML content, respond to user interactions, handle events, validate input, animate elements, fetch data from servers, and perform numerous other tasks in real-time.

JavaScript is executed on the client-side, meaning it runs directly within the web browser of the end-user. This enables dynamic updates to web pages without requiring a full page reload, leading to more responsive and interactive user experiences. JavaScript can be embedded within HTML documents using <script> tags, included from external files, or generated dynamically through server-side scripting languages.

In summary, CSS and JavaScript are essential technologies in web development. CSS controls the visual styling and layout of web pages, while JavaScript enhances their functionality and interactivity, ultimately contributing to the creation of dynamic and engaging web experiences.

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